Monday, July 25, 2011
SCABIES & RETIREMENTS HOMES
Sunday, July 24, 2011
SCABIES - FIRST CASES OF IVERMECTIN RESISTANCE
First Cases of Ivermectin resistance
Scabies is endemic in many remote Aboriginal communities in
northern Australia. Some of the inhabitants have been treated with over 50 oral
doses of ivermectin over the last 5 years [6]. Clinical and in vitro evidence of ivermectin resistance
has developed in two individuals [6]. No ivermectin-resistant arthropod has previously been reported
to cause human infestation, however, such resistance has been induced in the
laboratory under intense drug exposure with the horn fly [7], fruit fly [8], and a species of tick [9].
From their experience in this endemic population, Currie et al.
now recommend a weekly dosing interval for ivermectin rather than their
previous use of a fortnight between treatments [6]. Additionally, they note that higher doses have been suggested
by some authors [1].
Summary of available treatments for scabies
The standard treatment of scabies has been the application of a
prescription scabicide overnight to the entire body surface. The scalp is
normally excluded with adults, but treatment of this body region is important
in infants. Inasmuch as the mite prefers warm, moist areas, the finger and toe
creases, intergluteal cleft, umbilicus, and skin beneath finger and toe nails
must be treated thoroughly. To reduce the incidence of reinfestation and fomite
transmission, clothing, linens, and towels used within the previous week should
be washed in hot water and dried on high heat. All family members and close
contacts must be treated simultaneously, even if they have not developed
pruritus or other clinical signs of scabies. The relatively common occurrence
of asymptomatic mite carriers is greatly underappreciated.
The antiparasitic agent, ivermectin, has been used for 10 years in
humans for this disease and is slowly gaining prominence because of its high
efficacy, ease of treatment, and low risk of side effects. A summary of the
standard topical therapies with comments are listed in Table 1.
References
1. Burkhart CG, Burkhart CN. An epidemiologic and therapeutic
reassessment of scabies. Cutis 2000;65:233-40. PubMed
2. Arlian LG, Morgan MS, Paul CC. Evidence that scabies mites
(Acari: Sarcoptidae) influence production of interleukin-10 and function of
T-regulatory cells (Tr1) in humans. J Med Entomol 2006:43:283-7. PubMed
3. Arlian LG, Vyszenski-Moher DL, Rapp M, Hull BE. Production of
IL-1α and IL-1β by human skin equivalents parasitized by Sarcoptes scabiei. J
Parasitol 1996;82:719-23. PubMed
4. Arlian LG, Morgan MS, Neal JS. Modulation of cytokine
expression in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts by extracts of scabies mites.
AM J Trop Med Hyg 2003;69:652-6. PubMed
5. Arlian LG, Morgan MS, Neal JS. Extracts of scabies mites
(Sarcoptidae: Sarcoptes scabiei) modulate cytokine expression by human
peripheral blood mononuclear cells and dendritic cells. J Med Entomol
2004;41:69-73. PubMed
6. Currie BJ, Harumal P, McKinnon M, Walton SF. First
documentation of in vivo and in vitro ivermectin resistance in Sarcoptes
scabiei. Clin Infect Dis 2004:39:e8-e12. PubMed
7. Byford RL, Craig ME, DeRouen SM. Influence of permethrin,
diazinon, and ivermectin treatments on insecticide resistance in the horn fly
(Diptera: Muscidae). Int J Parasitol 1999;29:125-35. PubMed
8. Kane NS, Hirschberg B, Qian S. Drug-resistant Drosophila
indicate glutamate-gated chloride channels are targets for the antiparasitics
nodulisporic acid and ivermectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:13949-54. PubMed
9. Benavides E, Romero A. Preliminary results of a larval
resistance test to ivermectins using Boophilus microplus reference strains. Ann
NY Acad Sci 2000;916:610-2. PubMed
10. Rapp CM, Morgan MS, Arlian LG. Presence of host
immunoglobulin in the gut of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae). J Med
Entomol 2006;43:539-42. PubMed
northern Australia. Some of the inhabitants have been treated with over 50 oral
doses of ivermectin over the last 5 years [6]. Clinical and in vitro evidence of ivermectin resistance
has developed in two individuals [6]. No ivermectin-resistant arthropod has previously been reported
to cause human infestation, however, such resistance has been induced in the
laboratory under intense drug exposure with the horn fly [7], fruit fly [8], and a species of tick [9].
From their experience in this endemic population, Currie et al.
now recommend a weekly dosing interval for ivermectin rather than their
previous use of a fortnight between treatments [6]. Additionally, they note that higher doses have been suggested
by some authors [1].
Summary of available treatments for scabies
The standard treatment of scabies has been the application of a
prescription scabicide overnight to the entire body surface. The scalp is
normally excluded with adults, but treatment of this body region is important
in infants. Inasmuch as the mite prefers warm, moist areas, the finger and toe
creases, intergluteal cleft, umbilicus, and skin beneath finger and toe nails
must be treated thoroughly. To reduce the incidence of reinfestation and fomite
transmission, clothing, linens, and towels used within the previous week should
be washed in hot water and dried on high heat. All family members and close
contacts must be treated simultaneously, even if they have not developed
pruritus or other clinical signs of scabies. The relatively common occurrence
of asymptomatic mite carriers is greatly underappreciated.
The antiparasitic agent, ivermectin, has been used for 10 years in
humans for this disease and is slowly gaining prominence because of its high
efficacy, ease of treatment, and low risk of side effects. A summary of the
standard topical therapies with comments are listed in Table 1.
References
1. Burkhart CG, Burkhart CN. An epidemiologic and therapeutic
reassessment of scabies. Cutis 2000;65:233-40. PubMed
2. Arlian LG, Morgan MS, Paul CC. Evidence that scabies mites
(Acari: Sarcoptidae) influence production of interleukin-10 and function of
T-regulatory cells (Tr1) in humans. J Med Entomol 2006:43:283-7. PubMed
3. Arlian LG, Vyszenski-Moher DL, Rapp M, Hull BE. Production of
IL-1α and IL-1β by human skin equivalents parasitized by Sarcoptes scabiei. J
Parasitol 1996;82:719-23. PubMed
4. Arlian LG, Morgan MS, Neal JS. Modulation of cytokine
expression in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts by extracts of scabies mites.
AM J Trop Med Hyg 2003;69:652-6. PubMed
5. Arlian LG, Morgan MS, Neal JS. Extracts of scabies mites
(Sarcoptidae: Sarcoptes scabiei) modulate cytokine expression by human
peripheral blood mononuclear cells and dendritic cells. J Med Entomol
2004;41:69-73. PubMed
6. Currie BJ, Harumal P, McKinnon M, Walton SF. First
documentation of in vivo and in vitro ivermectin resistance in Sarcoptes
scabiei. Clin Infect Dis 2004:39:e8-e12. PubMed
7. Byford RL, Craig ME, DeRouen SM. Influence of permethrin,
diazinon, and ivermectin treatments on insecticide resistance in the horn fly
(Diptera: Muscidae). Int J Parasitol 1999;29:125-35. PubMed
8. Kane NS, Hirschberg B, Qian S. Drug-resistant Drosophila
indicate glutamate-gated chloride channels are targets for the antiparasitics
nodulisporic acid and ivermectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:13949-54. PubMed
9. Benavides E, Romero A. Preliminary results of a larval
resistance test to ivermectins using Boophilus microplus reference strains. Ann
NY Acad Sci 2000;916:610-2. PubMed
10. Rapp CM, Morgan MS, Arlian LG. Presence of host
immunoglobulin in the gut of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae). J Med
Entomol 2006;43:539-42. PubMed
Saturday, July 23, 2011
Scabies – For some very Contagious and symptoms are shown What about those who have no symptoms at all?
Scabies is highly contagious and can be passed on to others very easily. Getting them and within a short period of time ( first timers 4-6 weeks ) start showing the symptoms. Symptoms include rashes and red bumps that is intensely irritating to the skin. Non stop itching along with pin pricks are felt with this disease. So what about others in your family or circle of friends that have had contact but do not show any symptoms at all? They proudly announce that they do not have the scabies…look I do not have any rashes or red bumps like you. Sounds convincing doesn’t it! Well folks here is the deal on this! Person’s that are Asymptomatic can have no symptoms of having this disease. Very similar to the Typhoid Mary story of long ago. She was a carrier with no symptoms. This is very problematic for those that have scabies and want to get everyone who has had contact to get treatment at the same time. Often you will hear from them I am not infected and if pressed about the issue they go to the Doctor and then you get confirmation from that source that they do not have Scabies. Very troublesome for those wanting to get eradicated of the parasite as the asymptomatic person keeps giving you the scabies back. To put it another way re-infecting you. We term this a tractionless situation as you are just on the rodent wheel and cannot get off. So you might be asking? What can I do about this! Try to explain in a very very nice way! Heated exchanges get you nothing on this! Pleading might get them to engage in treatment for the scabies and this is a breakthrough method that has been used in the past to get you off the rodent wheel. Bringing up the Typhoid Mary story also might get them connected. As with all good blogs this one has to end as I have a lot of chores to catch up on! If you have additional questions please feel free to hit me back on the comment section
www.scabiehelp.com
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
Scabies - Scabie laying eggs in burrow
Here is an image of a scabie laying eggs in a burrow. Note the black dots that surround the eggs. This is feces from the scabie and it also is the cause for people to have skin irrations or rashes. In the other blog posting it was a depiction however in this image this is the real thing! Send us your scabie images so we can show others. For fast results in eradication see www.scabiehelp.com you will glad you bought the easy to use guide. Its cheap for what you get!
Monday, July 11, 2011
DO YOU HAVE SCABIES? ARE YOU TIRED OF BEING MISERABLE? GET RELIEF NOW WITH THE SCABIE HELP E-BOOK
Are you miserable due to the scabies?
Have you been to see many Doctors and still get them back?
There are reasons why this is happening and we address these and many other issues.
Look at the feedback from our satisfied customers. They all have great things to say about their experience in getting rid of the bugs.
Its FREE for a limited time! Get your life back now www.scabiehelp.com
Have you been to see many Doctors and still get them back?
There are reasons why this is happening and we address these and many other issues.
Look at the feedback from our satisfied customers. They all have great things to say about their experience in getting rid of the bugs.
Its FREE for a limited time! Get your life back now www.scabiehelp.com
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